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In consequence of Kazimierz Jagiellonczyk’s death in 1492, the Polish and Lithuanian throne, after the 46-year-long personal union, again came under the rule of two different rulers – Jan Olbracht was on the throne in Cracow and Aleksander Jagiellończyk in Vilnius. My research pertaining to the evolution of Jan Olbracht’s and Aleksander Jagiellończyk’s views on the shape of the Polish-Lithuanian Union...
Białystok, which before 1939 was known as an important centre of Jewish life in Poland, in the years to follow – because of the war – stopped to be a Jewish hub. The majority of those citizens of Białystok who had survived the Holocaust, decided to abandon the ruined city which evoked bad memories. They were leaving the city gradually and, due to this process and the decisions of the communist authorities,...
The article investigates changes in the religious sphere of Ukraine since the beginning of the military conflict in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The use of religious rhetoric to justify the annexation of the Crimea and to invade part of the Ukrainian territory has caused a serious shift in the religious self-identification of a considerable number of Ukrainians. These changes are manifested at several...
The Society of American Indians was established in 1911 as the first Pan-Indian organization with the aim of peaceful fighting for the rights of Indian nations in the United States in the first decades of the twentieth century. Functioning in the so-called “Era of Progress”, the Society proposed a number of postulates pertaining to the reform of the “Indian question”, which constituted one of the...
In Poland there has been very little research on Japanese Canadians and their experience of incarceration during the Second World War. Therefore, this paper intends to fill in this gap. In particular, the article aims to examine the reaction of the Canadian government and society towards the Japanese Canadians in the face of the Pacific War. The paper also offers a review of the situation of the Japanese...
During the Great War between 2.2 and 2.3 million POWs from the Central Powers were taken to Russian captivity. Most of them were citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. They became POWs mostly during the years 1914–1916. Apart from those captured during fighting or wounded, the captivity was the final destination for deserters and those who voluntarily decided to surrender themselves to the enemy...
In the article the genesis of illegal Jewish emigration from the Second Polish Republic to the USA in 1918–29 is examined in terms of the so-called pushing-and-attracting-migratory-movement factors. The bad economic situation of the Jewish population in Poland and the antisemitism – constantly rising in the country due to political events – meant that for many Jews an overseas trip became the only...
Tekst poświęcony pamięci Eugeniusza Dmitruka (1914–2003) – mieszkańca wsi Sokole Białostockie, wieloletniego pracownika stacji Żednia – stacji na trasie kolejowej Białystok – Baranowicze, prywatnie dziadka Autora.
In this article the issues of Crimean Tatars collaboration with the Third Reich during the Second World War are discussed. At the end of the war, the Crimean Tatars were accused by the Stalinist regime of treason and on May 18, 1944 the whole nation – without any explanation – was deported to Central Asia in wagons for animals. Transport conditions were extremely hard, a lot of people died during...
Now for over 70 years people have been arguing about the reasons for dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. American researchers are still divided over the issue of the purpose, effect and consequences of their use as well as moral evaluation of this American action. The polarized discussion has to a great degree focused on the traditional interpretation, on the one hand,...
The society of the Commonwealth was always characterized – to a greater or lesser degree – by a diversified religious and national structure. The problem with a society with different religious characteristics had appeared on a large scale already in the 14th century, when ethnically non-Polish people could be found within the borders of the Commonwealth. In the 14th century the Kingdom of Poland...
The purpose of this study is to find out how people of the literary milieu reacted to the famous historical moment in Poland – October 1956, also known as the Polish October. After Stalin’s death in 1953 and the famous Nikita Khrushchev’s speech in 1956 (On the Personality Cult and its Consequences), the process of de-Stalinization comprised the territory of the Soviet Union and the entire Eastern...
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